{} - This is our Global Execution Context (this)

Note: Global Execution Context is different in various environment like Node, Browser, Bun, etc.

It is a window object in browser and a empty object in a runtime like Nodejs.

Types of Execution Contexts

There are mainly three types of global execution contexts:

1. Global Execution Context
2. Functional Execution Context
3. Eval Execution Context (Good to Know, mainly used in mongoose)

How JS code is Executed?

Let’s understand this process with an Example -

let val1 = 10
let val2 = 5
function addNum(num1, num2){
	let total = num1 + num2
	return total
}

let result1 = addNum(val1,val2)
let result2 = addNum(10,2)

1. Global Execution / Environment

A global object {} - this is created.

2. Memory Creation Phase

All variables are created and undefined value is assigned to them.

In case of our Example -

var1 -> undefined

var2 -> undefined

addNum -> definition of Function i.e. Steps to Execute

result1 -> undefined

result2 -> undefined

3. Execution Phase

Values are assigned to variables.

var1 <– 10

var2 <– 5

Now the function creates it own Execution Context first-

addNum –> New Variable Environment + New Execution Thread

Note: For each new Function, there will be its own Execution Context where new Memory Creation Phase and Execution Phase will be created.

addNum’s Memory Phase -

var1 -> undefined

var2 -> undefined

total -> undefined

addNum’s Execution Phase -

num1 -> 10

num2 -> 5

total -> 15

The total variable with variable is returned to Global Context.

Now the Execution Context of addNum will be Deleted and control will reach Global Execution Phase.

result1 -> 15

result2 -> 12 // Same logic will be used to get value of result2

This was the Basic Overview of How JavaScript Execute Code.

Concept by - Hitesh Choudhary (YT)

Article by - Vasu Jain